黍稷农艺性状的主成分分析与聚类分析

对国家种质资源库中收集保存的8016份黍稷种质资源的株高、千粒重、生育期等11个农艺性状进行主成分分析和聚类分析,结果表明：主要农艺性状可归纳为千粒重、主茎节数、主穗长、株高、穗型、花序色、粒色、米色8个主成分,累计贡献率为86．44％;8016份黍稷种质资源可分成5大组群,各个组群都有一定的形态学特征,其中组群4的1301份种质资源的主茎节数多,单株产量、千粒重都比较大,综合性状表现较好。     

小麦种质贮藏过程中生活力丧失特性及田间出苗率表现

通过对贮藏2～20年的378份中期库小麦种质进行生活力测定(每一贮藏年份测定种质份数为10～30),结果表明贮藏年限为2～12年的种质平均发芽率都高于83％,而贮藏年限为15年的种质平均发芽率已降至20％,这表明小麦种质在中期库贮藏过程中,生活力丧失存在着骤降特性。同时对同一品种分别来自中期库低活力和长期库高活力种质进行田间出苗率和农艺性状调查,发现中期库种质的室内发芽率与田间出苗率相关极显,其相关显性高于长期库种质,且不论是来自中期库低活力种质还是长期库高活力种质,总体上田间出苗率都比室内发芽率低20％以上,在子一代种子的农艺性状上两之间无显差异。     

Evaluation of genetic distances between pepper inbred lines for cultivar protection purposes: comparison of AFLP, RAPD and phenotypic data

Summary  We evaluated concordance of AFLP and RAPD markers for estimating genetic distances of 47 pepper inbred lines belonging to five varietal types. It enabled us to see the efficiency of these markers for identification, estimation of distances between varieties and variety discrimination. Genetic distance and multidimensional scaling results showed a general agreement between AFLP and RAPD markers. Based on pattern scores, dendrograms were produced by the UPGMA method. Phenetic trees based on molecular data were consistent with the classification of variety group. The precision of the estimation of the genetic distance was given. The molecular genetic distances were correlated with distances based on a set of discriminating agronomic traits measured for identification and distinctiveness tests. The relationship between molecular and morphological distances appeared to be triangular. These results and their implications in the cultivar protection purposes of pepper hybrids are discussed. Received: 25 March 2000 / Accepted: 11 July 2000     

Assessment of agroeconomic indices in polycultures of lettuce, rocket and carrot through uni- and multivariate approaches in semi-arid Brazil

The polyculture among vegetables is an activity that to have good results, needs a proper planning. Although it often requires more labor, has several advantages over monoculture, among them is that polycultures are generally are more productive, provide with productivity of various plant constituents and a more balanced human diet, contribute to economic return, economic and yield stability, social benefits and farmer's direct participation in decision-making. The objective of this study was to evaluate agroeconomic indices of polycultures derived from the combination of two cultivars of lettuce with two cultivars of rocket in two cultures strip-intercropped with carrot cultivar ‘Brasilia’ through uni-multivariate approaches in semi-arid Brazil. The experimental design used was of randomized complete blocks with five replications and the treatments arranged in a factorial scheme of 2 × 2. The treatments consisted of the combination of two lettuce cultivars (Babá de Verão and Tainá) with two rocket cultivars (Cultivada and Folha Larga) in two cultures associated with carrot cv. Brasília. In each block were grown plots with two lettuce cultivars and two rocket cultivars, and carrot in sole crop. In each system was determined the lettuce leaf yield, rocket green mass yield and carrot commercial yield. Agrieconomic indices such as operational cost, gross and net income, monetary advantage, rate of return, profit margin, land equivalent ratio and yield efficiency for DEA were used to measure the efficiency of intercropping systems. In the bicropping of lettuce and rocket associated with carrot cv. ‘Brasilia’, suggests the use of lettuce cultivar ‘Tainá’ combined with rocket cultivars ‘Cultivada’ or ‘Folha Larga’. It was observed significant effect of lettuce cultivars in the evaluation of polycultures of lettuce, carrot and rocket, with strong expression for the lettuce cultivar ‘Tainá’. Both uni- and multivariate approaches were effective in the discrimination of the best polycultures.     

抗草甘膦、抗螟虫水稻E1C608的鉴定和重要表型特征分析

草害和虫害是造成水稻减产的两个重要因素,培育转基因抗除草剂、抗虫水稻是解决这两个问题的有效途径之一。分子鉴定结果表明,以恢复系R608为受体的遗传转化获得了3个独立转基因事件,其中1个为单拷贝转化体,命名为E1C608-3。用ELISA方法检测外源抗草甘膦和抗螟虫蛋白含量的结果表明,E1C608-3的T_2代分蘖期的根、茎、叶中EPSPS蛋白含量为120. 16～1 223. 28μg/g,CRY1C蛋白含量为1. 23～8. 72μg/g,且两个外源蛋白在不同器官中的表达量均表现为叶茎根(P 0. 01)。T_3代测定结果显示,E1C608-3转化体在秧苗期草甘膦的耐受浓度至少为16g/L,其耐受浓度至少是转化受体R608的16倍。T_3代抗虫实验结果显示,E1C608-3对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫平均致死率为95. 56%,表现出良好的螟虫抗性。T_4代农艺性状测定结果显示,E1C608-3与转化受体存在较大差异,但都处在水稻天然种质资源的变异范围之内。以上结果表明,E1C608-3是一个抗除草剂、抗螟虫的水稻新种质。     

回接内生真菌对工业大麻生理及农艺性状的影响

回接工业大麻中分离出的6种内生真菌于大田种植的云麻1号,研究了内生真菌对工业大麻酶活性及农艺性状的影响。结果表明：接种毛壳菌和镰孢菌的大麻植株SOD和POD活性显著提高（P<005）;除炭疽菌外,小不整球壳菌、毛壳菌、黑孢霉、镰孢菌和粘束孢均提高了大麻植株的麻皮干重和麻皮厚度;毛壳菌处理组大麻植株的节间长、麻皮干重、麻皮厚度均显著高于对照（P<005）。这些结果为大麻生产中合理利用内生真菌制剂促进大麻优质丰产及深入研究内生真菌的作用机制奠定基础。     

晒晾烟重要农艺性状遗传分析

以8个优良的晒晾烟品种(系)为亲本,配置完全双列杂交,进而利用基于混合线性模型的统计学方法,对晾晒烟株高、叶数、节距、腰叶长、腰叶宽以及茎围6个主要农艺性状进行遗传分析。结果表明,在多数农艺性状遗传中加性效应和显性效应都起重要作用,但所占比例有所不同,腰叶长和叶数主要受加性效应影响,而株高、节距、腰叶宽和茎围性状显性效应起主要作用;6种重要农艺性状狭义遗传率由高到低分别为:腰叶长>叶数>株高>节距>腰叶宽>茎围,其中,腰叶长和叶数狭义遗传率较高,分别为0.35和0.33,适合进行早代选择。另外,估算了供试材料的遗传效应值,并对各亲本及组合的育种利用价值进行了评价。本研究为晒晾烟重要农艺性状遗传改良提供了一定的理论依据。     

小麦农艺性状与品质特性的多元分析与评价

估算96个小麦品种(系)的11个农艺性状和10个品质特性参数的主成分,并以主成分和欧氏距离为基础,分别作二维排序分析和聚类分析。农艺性状的前4个主成分反映了85.3450%的原始数据信息量;品质特性的前4个主成分代表了89.1483%的原始数据信息量。以96个材料的主成分得分绘制二维排序图,27个小麦品种(系)表现为矮秆、子粒和旗叶较大,丰产性较好、综合农艺性状优良;32个小麦品种(系)表现为铁、锌含量较高,加工品质较好、综合品质特性优良。在系统聚类图中,农艺性状和品质特性分别被聚成5类。综合农艺性状较好的材料主要集中在第Ⅲ类和第Ⅳ类;综合品质特性较好的材料主要集中在第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类。综合分析发现,同时兼顾丰产性较好且子粒铁、锌含量较高,品质特性较好的小麦品种(系)有:泰山9818、西农822、轮选719、杨-31、西安837和中育9383。将聚类分析和二维排序分析结合起来,能较好的对小麦的性状组成做出综合评价,鉴定和评价出优质、高产、综合性状优良的小麦品种(系),为小麦遗传育种提供优良的种质资源,为合理选配亲本提供参考。     

124株鹌鹑空肠弯曲菌生物学性状的观察

由鹌鹑分出的１２４株空肠弯曲菌,经鉴定,其形态学特征、培养特性以及生化反应、生长与抑制生长试验的特点等均与人源空肠弯曲菌基本一致,但半数以上菌株具有ａ型溶血性能。按Ｌｉｏｎ生物学分型,主要为Ⅳ型（占７５．８％）,其次是Ⅲ型、Ⅱ型（分别占１７．７％、６．５％）,互型缺如。研究证实,氯化镉对全部菌株均能抑制生长,而０／１２９无此作用。药敏试验表明,鹌鹑空肠弯曲菌依次对氟哌酸、麦迪霉素、氯霉素、呋喃妥因、丁胺卡那霉素、红霉素和链霉素呈现高敏,但均有少数菌株例外;对青霉素类和菌必治则大多数菌株表现耐药。